TAMIL VERSION
Flying Machine - A milestone in Man's Invention.
There is a reason for evolution of all living organisms. For some particular reason birds and insects alone have been given ability to fly. But man did not care about them. Instead he succeeded in his flying missions.
By flying, he not only attained his flying mission but also crossed the atmospheric borders and got away outside the Earth.
What is the evolution of Man's intention to fly? What makes man to fly?
The desire to fly has started before 400 BC. Aryabhatta has given many theories and hypothesis for flying machines. The first flying object was Kite. The flying of kites has started to make the man think about flying. Chinese fly kites in every auspicious ceremonies. Kites are the fore runner of the Gliders and Balloons.
Many people have fixed wooden wings and tried to fly but ended up in diasaters. But this incidents did not make him back-off from flying.
In 1485 AD, Leonardo Davinci created drawings of flying machines. But none of them got into real life. He created a drawing of a flying machine called 'Omnihopter'.
Many of present helicopters have concepts of this Omnihopter.
Next evolution is in 1783 AD created by Joseph Michele and Jacques Etinne Mongolfier created balloons. They filled hot air in silk bags and created a thrust which made the balloons fly. Sheep, Roosters and Ducks are placed in the balloons and made to fly. In 1783 first manned flight was also demonstrated.
In 18th and 19th centuries, Gliders are designed. Otto Lilenthel and John Caley designed their gliders. These are succeeded by the Airplanes.
In December 17, 1903, Olivar and Wilbur Wright invented the KittyHawk flying machine. Olivar Wright first piloted the aeroplane which is 12 horse power and 600 pound weight.
Now man has learned to fly.
There are four aspects in a flying machine design. They are:
Aerodynamics
Propulsion
Materials and Structures
Stability and control
Design of Airplane:
An Airplane consists of following parts
1. Fuelsage
2. Wings
3. Tail
4. Rudder
5. Engines
6. Landing Gear
A Black Box is a container which holds the recorder. Though it is called black box, the color of the box is yellow color. All the commands and incidents right from take-off to landing will be recorded in the Black Box. So when an airplane crashes, the cause of the accident will be known and the future diasaters can be avoided.
Generally the body of the airplane will be constructed using aluminium 95% nick alloy 5%. The aluminium which is a light weight metal helps for the flight of the aircraft. The thumb rule is that, the weight of the airplane should be less while landing than it was during the take-off. So if an aircraft does not reduce to required weight during landing the fuel is shed in the mid-air.
Black box is made of steel alloy which not only a costlier but also heavier one. So, if any airplane is constructed using steel, the weight of the aircraft will not let the flight to take off from the ground. Even if we think of constructing small planes using this, the total number of passengers travelling in a small plane does not make it worth to spend that much amount and build a aircraft with it.
2. Mercury thermometer is not encouraged inside airplane - Why?
Mercury has a strong oxide which can swallw aluminum. So if accidently the thermometer is broken inside the aircraft, the aluminium will be damanged endangering the safety of the craft.
3. Some reasons for turbulence.
Sometimes a passenger shall feel the downward bump of an aircraft. Actually both upward and downward motion occurs during flight. But downward is mostly felt. This is called Turbulence.
Main reason for turbulence is Mountain waves, change of wind current. There are several magnitudes of wind current. When a plane transits from one current to another, the turbulence is felt.
Flying Machine - A milestone in Man's Invention.
There is a reason for evolution of all living organisms. For some particular reason birds and insects alone have been given ability to fly. But man did not care about them. Instead he succeeded in his flying missions.
By flying, he not only attained his flying mission but also crossed the atmospheric borders and got away outside the Earth.
What is the evolution of Man's intention to fly? What makes man to fly?
The desire to fly has started before 400 BC. Aryabhatta has given many theories and hypothesis for flying machines. The first flying object was Kite. The flying of kites has started to make the man think about flying. Chinese fly kites in every auspicious ceremonies. Kites are the fore runner of the Gliders and Balloons.
Many people have fixed wooden wings and tried to fly but ended up in diasaters. But this incidents did not make him back-off from flying.
In 1485 AD, Leonardo Davinci created drawings of flying machines. But none of them got into real life. He created a drawing of a flying machine called 'Omnihopter'.
Next evolution is in 1783 AD created by Joseph Michele and Jacques Etinne Mongolfier created balloons. They filled hot air in silk bags and created a thrust which made the balloons fly. Sheep, Roosters and Ducks are placed in the balloons and made to fly. In 1783 first manned flight was also demonstrated.
In 18th and 19th centuries, Gliders are designed. Otto Lilenthel and John Caley designed their gliders. These are succeeded by the Airplanes.
Now man has learned to fly.
There are four aspects in a flying machine design. They are:
Aerodynamics
Propulsion
Materials and Structures
Stability and control
Design of Airplane:
An Airplane consists of following parts
1. Fuelsage
2. Wings
3. Tail
4. Rudder
5. Engines
6. Landing Gear
- Fuelsage constitutes major portion of airplane body. It contains many control equipments and passengers seats.
- Wings help in take-off and landing of the aeroplane. Based upon the air acceleration, the speed while take-off and landing are calculated.
- Tail contributes to the direction of the aircraft. It has control to change the direction of the airplane.
- Engine contains power which controls an airplane. Based on the engine the airplanes are classfied as Propellar, Jet, Turbo Jet, Rocket etc.
- Landing Gear helps in landing the airplane. It bears the weight of the aircraft while landing and absorbing the shock during landing.
A Black Box is a container which holds the recorder. Though it is called black box, the color of the box is yellow color. All the commands and incidents right from take-off to landing will be recorded in the Black Box. So when an airplane crashes, the cause of the accident will be known and the future diasaters can be avoided.
Generally the body of the airplane will be constructed using aluminium 95% nick alloy 5%. The aluminium which is a light weight metal helps for the flight of the aircraft. The thumb rule is that, the weight of the airplane should be less while landing than it was during the take-off. So if an aircraft does not reduce to required weight during landing the fuel is shed in the mid-air.
Black box is made of steel alloy which not only a costlier but also heavier one. So, if any airplane is constructed using steel, the weight of the aircraft will not let the flight to take off from the ground. Even if we think of constructing small planes using this, the total number of passengers travelling in a small plane does not make it worth to spend that much amount and build a aircraft with it.
2. Mercury thermometer is not encouraged inside airplane - Why?
Mercury has a strong oxide which can swallw aluminum. So if accidently the thermometer is broken inside the aircraft, the aluminium will be damanged endangering the safety of the craft.
3. Some reasons for turbulence.
Sometimes a passenger shall feel the downward bump of an aircraft. Actually both upward and downward motion occurs during flight. But downward is mostly felt. This is called Turbulence.
Main reason for turbulence is Mountain waves, change of wind current. There are several magnitudes of wind current. When a plane transits from one current to another, the turbulence is felt.
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